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问题: 定语从句3

This is one of the books which were writte by LuXun
为什么one of the +复数名词,定语从句中谓语动词要用复数形式

不是 one of +名词复数+谓语动词单数 吗?

解答:

从做习题的角度来说,记住如下规律:
1)one of + the (adj.(最高级)) + n.(复数)that + v.(复数)
2)the (only/very/just) + one of + the (adj.(最高级)) + n.(复数)that + v.(单数)

造成选用的动词单复数不同的原因是两个定语从句的先行词的不同,依据/应用的规则是主谓一致中的语法一致原则。
在结构1)中的先行词是n.(复数)。根据主谓一致中的语法一致原则,可知:动词必须用复数。
e.g.:
Tom is one of the (most famous) experts who were invited to give us instructions in our school.
句子分析:“who was invited to give us instructions in our school”部分是定语从句,先行词为the (most famous) experts,关系代词who在从句中作主语。此句的意思是:Tom是请来我校给予我们指导的最著名的专家之一。言下之意,来我校作指导的最为著名的专家不止Tom一人,而是多个。

不同的是,在结构2)中的先行词是one,是个单数概念。根据主谓一致中的语法一致原则,可知:动词必须用第三人称单数。

作为对比,举如下例子:
Tom is the (only/very/just) one of the (most famous) experts who was invited to give us instructions in our school.
句子分析:“who was invited to give us instructions in our school”部分是定语从句,先行词为the (only/very/just) one,关系代词who在从句中作主语。此句的意思是:Tom是唯一一个请来我校给予我们指导的最著名的专家。言下之意,可能来到我国/我市的专家不少(这是假设的环境),但来我校作指导的最为著名的专家仅Tom一人。

再举一例:
Tom is the (very/just/only) one of the experts who was able to speak English.
句子分析:“who was able to speak English”部分是定语从句,先行词为the one,关系代词who在从句中作主语。此句的意思是:Tom是唯一一个会说英语的专家。隐含意义就是,有许多专家,但他们之中只有Tom会说英语。