问题: 关于独立结构
独立结构是什么?怎么用?独立结构的各种形式是怎么样的,例如一般疑问句.特殊疑问句
解答:
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
独立主格结构的构成方式为:名词普通格或代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语等。使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与句子主语不一致的情况。
1. 名词或代词+现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。如:
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
那个男子躺在那儿,双手在颤抖。
有时,现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。如:
The weather (being) fine,we decided to go swimming.
天气晴朗,我们决定去游泳。
2. 名词或代词+过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。如:
The girl sat there silent,her head bent low.
这姑娘一声不响,低着头坐在那里。
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
各方面考虑起来,她的论文比你的论文更要有价值一些。
3. 名词或代词+不定式(短语)
不定式表示将来的动作。如:
He suggested going for a picnic,Mary to provide the food.
他建议去野餐,由玛丽负责提供食物。
Time is pressing, two hours to go only.
时间紧迫,只剩两个小时了。
4. 名词或代词+名词(短语) 如:
Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
许多人参加了这项工作,其中一些人是妇女和儿童。
5. 名词或代词+形容词(短语)
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质或状态。如:
The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.
地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。
6. 名词或代词+副词
副词也多是说明前面名词或代词的状态。如:
The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束了,我们都回家了。
7. 名词或代词+介词短语 如:
The teacher came in, a book in his hand.
老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。
有时,独立主格结构中名词前面的定语可以省略。如:
The boy lay silently on the grass, (his) eyes closed.
A girl was walking in the street, (a) flower in (her) hand.
二 独立主格结构的作用
1. 作状语
1) 表示时间 如:
Her homework done (=After her homework was done),Lucy decided to go shopping.
2) 表示原因 如:
There being no buses (Because there were no buses),we had to walk home.
3) 表示条件 如:
Weather permitting (If weather permits), we will go to play football.
4) 表示方式或伴随 如:
He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.
2. 作同位语 如:
There are two doors, one leading to the bedroom, the other (leading) to the kitchen.
三 独立主格前面有时可以加上介词with或without,构成介词的复合结构。这种结构在句中主要用作状语,也可用作定语。如:
He stood on the deck with his hand waving to us.(状语)
他站在甲板上向我们频频挥手。
He went out without a hat on his head.(状语)
他头上没戴帽子就出去了。
Do you know the girl with a bag on her back?(定语)
你认识那个后背上背包的女孩吗?
参考资料:百度知道
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