Parliament
The parliament is at the very heart of the australian federal goverment.Australia's system of parliamentary goverment is modelled on the british Westminster system.The australian parliament consists of three elements:the Queen,as represented　by the Governor-General,and two Houses,the Senate and the House of Representatives.These three elements make australia a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
The Senate has seventy-six Senators-twelve are elected for each of the six states,and two each for the australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory.The state senators serve for a six-year term,with half of the stats renewed every three years.　Territory Senators are elected for 3 year terms.Historically,the senate has been regardless of their population,and state matters are still inportant to Senate,The modern senate is powerful chamber.Bills cannot become law unless they are agreed to,in the same terms,by each House,except in the rare circumstances of a double dissolution,followed by a joint sitting of both Houses.The House of Representatives has 150 members,with each representing a seprate electoral devision of a state.Members of the House are thus based on the state population,but each state is entitled to at least 5 members,regardless of its population.Members are elected for terms of up to 3 years.The House of Representatives it a more powerful House,and its most distinctive feature is that the party or group with majority　support in the house forms the Government.
The principal functions of the Parliament include law-making,examining and scrutinizing actions of the Government.The Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the federal goverment,with law-making as one of its most basic functions.The Senate and the House have substantially　similar powers in respect of legislation,with the exception the only the House can propose bills concerning appropriation and taxation; in practice,however,the vast majority of bills introduced into the Parliament originate in the House of Representatives.
As the House of Representatives reflects the current opinion of the people at an election,the party which commands a majority the House assumes the Government and largest minority party forms the Opposition.Within this framework resides the powers of the Parliament to"unmake" a Government　should the Government not retain the confidence and support of a majority of the Members of the House.Thus,a principal role of the House is to examine and criticize government action where necessary,with the knowledge that the Government must ultimately answer to the people for its decisions.
The accountability of the Government to Parliament is pursued principally during debates of by way of parliamentary committee inquiry through questions directed to Ministers concerning the administration of their departments.The aim of parliamentary questioning and inquiry is to seek information,　to bring the Government to account for its actions,and to bring into pulic view possible errors of failings of areas of incompetence.In this sense,the House may be seen as an essential safeguard and a corrective means over corrupt or extravagant oue of executive power.
In accordance with the principle of the financial initiative of the Executive,the Government has the right to initiate of move to increase appropriations and taxes,but it is for the House to make decisions on government proposals,and the House has the right to make amendments to reduce a propose appropriation　or tax or to reject a proposal.It is the duty of the House to ensure that public money is spent in accordance with parliamentary approval and in the best interests of the taxpayer.In fact,the responsibility for scrutinizing expenditure is inherent in the consideration of almost any matter coming before the House.
All state parliaments,except those of Queensland,the northern Territory and the Australian capital Territory,have two chambers.The Lower House is known as the Legislative Assembly in New South Wales,Victoria,Queensland,Western Australia and Australian Capital Territory,and known as the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania.Each Upper House is known as the Legislative council.

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议会

议会是澳大利亚政府最核心的机构，脱胎于英国的威斯敏斯特制度。澳议会由代表女王的总督、参议院和众议院组成，这三个不成部分保证澳大利亚实行君主立宪制和议会民主制。

参议院共有76个席位，其中六个州每州拥有12个席位，首都区和北部区各2个席位。国会议员任期六年，其中半数席位每三年改选一次。州议员每三年改选一次。历史上看，议席数量与人口无关，而是取决于个州对国会的重要性。现代议会是一个权力机构。不经两院同意，议案不得成为法律，除非极个别情况下议会解散，举行两院联席会议。众议院有50个意思，各自代表本州一个选区。众议院席位由人口数量决定，但每州不得少于5个席位。众议院三年一改选，是一个更有权力的机构，自该院中获得多数支持的政党或团体将组成政府。

议会的主要职责是立法和监督政府。议会是联邦政府最高立法机构，其基本职责是行使立法权。参众两院在立法方面的权利相当，但是众议院有权就拨款和税收提出议案。其实在实际操作中，能够进入议会讨论的绝大多数议案都是由众议院发起的。
由于众议院反映了选举的实际状况，在该院中占多数席位的政党组成政府，最少数的正当组成反对派。在此框架下，如果政府不能获得众议院多数席位的信任和支持，议会有权解散政府。也就是说，众议院的主要职责是考察政府行为，必要时进行批评，政府必须就其决定对人民负责。

政府对议会负责，议会通过委员会质询的方式直接对内阁各部部长就其所管辖的事务进行辩论。议会质询的目的是为了获取信息，要求政府对其行为进行说明，并公开其不胜任领域的失误。由此可以看出，参议院可以被看作是反对腐败和铺张浪费的有效保障和正确手段。

根据政府财务主动原则，政府有权采取增加拨款和税收的措施，但是众议院对政府的提案做出决定，同时有权就削减财政拨款和税收提案做出修正案或拒绝该措施。众议院的职责就是保证资金的使用必须符合议会和批准，必须符合纳税人的利益。事实上，审核支出的责任在众议院所有责任重最为重要的。

出昆士兰州、北部区和首都区外，其他各州都设有两院。在新南威尔士州、维多利亚州、昆士兰州、肖达利亚州、首都区，下院被称作立法会，在南澳大利亚州和塔斯马尼亚，被称作下议院。 上院则被称为立法委员会。